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Winona Ryder (born Winona Laura Horowitz; October 29, 1971) is an American actress. One of the most profitable and iconic 1990s actresses,〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=Box Office Mojo )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Wino Forever )〕 she made her film debut in the 1986 film ''Lucas''. As Lydia Deetz, a goth teenager in Tim Burton's ''Beetlejuice'' (1988), she won critical acclaim and widespread recognition. After various appearances in film and on television, Ryder continued her acting career with the cult film ''Heathers'' (1988), a controversial satire of teenage suicide and high school life that has since become a landmark teen film. She later appeared in the coming of age drama ''Mermaids'' (1990), earning a Golden Globe nomination, in Burton's dark fairy-tale ''Edward Scissorhands'' (1990), and in Francis Ford Coppola's gothic romance ''Bram Stoker's Dracula'' (1992). Having played diverse roles in many well-received films in the late 1980s and early 1990s, Ryder won a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress and an Academy Award nomination in the same category for her role in ''The Age of Innocence'' in 1993 as well as another Academy Award nomination, as Best Actress, for the literary adaptation ''Little Women'' the following year. She later appeared in the Generation X hit ''Reality Bites'' (1994), ''Alien: Resurrection'' (1997), the Woody Allen comedy ''Celebrity'' (1998), and ''Girl, Interrupted'' (1999), which she also executive-produced. In 2000, Ryder received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, honouring her legacy in the film industry. Ryder's personal life has attracted significant media attention. Her relationship with Johnny Depp in the early 1990s and a 2001 arrest for shoplifting were constant subjects of tabloid journalism. She has been open about her personal struggles with anxiety and depression. In 2002, she appeared in the box office hit ''Mr. Deeds'' alongside Adam Sandler. In 2006, Ryder returned to the screen after a brief hiatus, later appearing in high-profile films such as ''Star Trek''. In 2010, she was nominated for two Screen Actors Guild Awards: as the lead actress in ''When Love Is Not Enough: The Lois Wilson Story'' and as part of the cast of ''Black Swan''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The 17th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards )〕 She also reunited with Burton for ''Frankenweenie'' (2012). ==Early life== Ryder was born Winona Laura Horowitz in Olmsted County, Minnesota, the daughter of Cynthia Palmer (née Istas) and Michael Horowitz. Her mother is an author, video producer and editor.〔 Her father is an author, editor, publisher and antiquarian bookseller.〔 He also worked as an archivist for psychedelic guru Dr. Timothy Leary (who was Ryder's godfather). Her father's family is Jewish (they emigrated from Romania and Russia), and Ryder has described herself as Jewish. Many of her father's family perished in the Holocaust.〔〔 Her father's family was originally named "Tomchin" but took the surname "Horowitz" when they immigrated to America.〔 Named after the nearby city of Winona, she was given her middle name, Laura, because of her parents' friendship with Laura Huxley, writer Aldous Huxley's wife. Her stage name derives from Mitch Ryder, a soul and rock singer.〔(London Independent" "Fallen angel: Winona Ryder on bouncing back from her decade in the wilderness" by James Mottram ) May 26, 2013〕 Her father was a fan of Mitch Ryder.〔(Winona Ryder Articles ), Interviewed: Articles from The Hollywood Reporter and Harpers And Queen Magazine, March 1997〕 Ryder's father is an atheist and her mother a Buddhist;〔 they encouraged their children to take the best part of other religions to make their own belief systems. Ryder has one full sibling, a younger brother, Uri (named in honor of the first Soviet cosmonaut, Yuri Gagarin), and two half-siblings from her mother's prior marriage: an older half-brother, Jubal Palmer, and an older half-sister, Sunyata Palmer. Ryder's family friends included her godfather, Timothy Leary, as well as the Beat Movement poets Allen Ginsberg and Lawrence Ferlinghetti and the science fiction novelist Philip K. Dick.〔 In 1978, when Ryder was seven years old, she and her family relocated to Rainbow, a commune near Elk, Mendocino County, California, where they lived with seven other families on a plot of land. As the remote property had no electricity or television sets, Ryder began to devote her time to reading and became an avid fan of J. D. Salinger's ''The Catcher in the Rye''.〔〔Wills, Dominic (2006), ("Winona Ryder biography" ), ''Tiscali.com'', page 4. Retrieved December 6, 2007.〕 She developed an interest in acting after her mother showed her a few movies on a screen in the family barn. At age 10, Ryder and her family moved on again, this time to Petaluma, California. During her first week at Kenilworth Junior High, she was bullied by a group of her peers who mistook her for an effeminate, scrawny boy.〔 As a result, she ended up being homeschooled that year. In 1983, when Ryder was 12, she enrolled at the American Conservatory Theater in nearby San Francisco, where she took her first acting lessons. Ryder graduated from Petaluma High School with a 4.0 GPA in 1989. She suffers from aquaphobia because of a traumatic near-drowning at age 12.〔 This caused problems with the underwater scenes in ''Alien: Resurrection'' (1997), some of which had to be reshot numerous times.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Winona Ryder」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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